Session 3:
1) Describe the unique features of your playground, with reference to your:
a) research and
b) ideas from the novel
___________________________________________________________________

As mentioned from the previous posts, our group will be focusing on the five senses- colours (sight), music (hearing), nature (smell), feeling of the wind (touch), a vending machine (taste). Also, there will be a tree house structure-like building, a bridge with a pond, a mini field, sound transporting system.

Firstly, we will start with the floorings of the playground, that will be coloured red, orange, yellow, blue, and brown floor tiles will be used to replace the rubber material that is commonly used by playgrounds. The arrangement will be mixed with white tiles as an alternative. We will try to limit to using these colours, as much as we can.

Red- Color of energy. Associated with movement and excitement.

Orange- Fun times, happy and energetic days, remotely calm. New dawn in attitude.

Yellow- Colour of the sun. Laughter, happiness, optimistic and good times. Golden shades of yellow associated with promise of better times.

Blue- Calm and focused.

Brown- Stability and friendship.

Secondly, we will be using classical music because they are usually considered rather soothing to the ear, and can help them cope better with their emotions. Examples would be: Canon in D, River flows in you, Symphony no.6 and more..

Thirdly, chocolates would be given away for free at the vending machine. As a common perception to many, chocolate is a mood elevator. Therefore, eating chocolates can actually help them overcome their emotions and feel better. In addition, young children love to eat desserts, so we feel that by giving away free chocolates may help in cheering them up. However, we are aware that overeating unhealthy food can lead to diet-related diseases, so we will set a limit to the number of times a children can have his or her chocolates per day so as to maintain a healthy weight. Each child will be given a card for them to tap on the vending machine to get their chocolate; each child is limited to one bar per day. It would be beneficial to children who have experienced emotional trauma, yet they do not have sufficient money to buy chocolates. They would not have to worry about not having any chocolate.

In addition, there will be a treehouse providing drawing papers and other materials. This will enable them to express their thoughts through drawing and help them cope with their emotions. Also, this will enhance their creativity and allow them to overcome their trauma gradually and eventually, build up their self-confidence.

Next, a bridge with a pond will be built. This can build up a sense of responsibility in them and give them companionship and enjoyment. Thus, they can forget their troubles, have non-trivial health benefits, as research has shown, and relieve stress. A swing will be next to the pond for the children to play with. This is relevant to the novel, whereby Jess and Leslie swing on a rope to Terabithia. We will not let the children swing on a rope to the playground because it is very dangerous.

Also, they could also keep themselves fit and healthy by organizing sports activities at the mini field. This mini field could help them in a way that benefits their health and their emotional problems. They can forget their problems when they run and feel that they are free of stress and difficulties. Sport events, such as soccer tournaments, could be organised for them at the mini field if they get bored of running or prefer other sports.

Lastly, the playground would have a 'sound transporting' system. This system works by having the children speak into the microphone-like thing, and a voluntary counsellor would be at the other end of the 'tube' to counsel them and give them necessary advice. It would be useful for children who are too shy to approach a counsellor and ask for advice.

Ideas from the novel:

-Running field for Jess; present in our playground (mini field)

-Swing and bridge in the novel

-Pets- Fish in the pond of our playground, Prince Terrien from the novel

Credits: Shermin Ang Jia Xi (24) 2E7

Chin Yi Ling (3) 2e7

Examples Of Classical Music:

By Beethoven

• Piano works

-Piano Sonata No.1 in F-, Op.2, No.1
-Piano Sonata No.2 in A, Op.2, No.2
-Piano Sonata No.3 in C, Op.2, No.3
-Piano Sonata No.4 in Eb ('Grand Sonata'), Op.7
-Piano Sonata No.5 in C-, Op.10, No.1
-Piano Sonata No.6 in F, Op.10, No.2
-Piano Sonata No.7 in D, Op.10, No.3
-Piano Sonata No.8 in C-, Op.13 ('Pathétique')

• Piano Variations

-33 Variations in C on a Waltz by Diabelli ('Diabelli Variations'), Op.120
-9 Variations in C- on a March by Dressler, WoO63
-6 Variations in F on a Swiss Air, WoO64
-13 Variations in A on Dittersdorf's Air 'Es war einmal ein alter Mann', WoO66

• Bagatelles

-Bagatelle in A- ('Für Elise'), WoO59
-7 Bagatelles, Op.33
-11 Bagatelles, Op.119

• Other Keyboard Works

-Andante favori in F, WoO57
-Ecossaise in Eb, WoO86
-6 Ecossaises, WoO83 (dubious)
-Fantasy in G-, Op.77
-3 Grandes Marches for 2 Pianos, Op.45
-Polonaise in C, Op.89

• Symphonies, Concertos, and Other Orchestral Works

-Symphony No.6 in F ('Pastoral'), Op.68
-Symphony No.7 in A, Op.92
-Symphony No.8 in F, Op.93
-Symphony No.9 in D- ('Choral'), Op.125

• Overtures, Incidental Music, Ballets

-Consecration of the House Overture, Op.124
-Coriolan Overture, Op.62
-Egmont (incidental music, after Goethe's play), Op.84
-Fidelio Overture, Op.72c
-King Stephen Overture, Op.117
-Leonore Overture No.1, Op.138
-Leonore Overture No.3 in C, Op.72b
-The Creatures of Prometheus, Op.43 (ballet)

• Piano Concertos

-Piano Concerto No.1 in C, Op.15
-Piano Concerto No.2 in Bb, Op.19
-Piano Concerto No.3 in C-, Op.37
-Piano Concerto No.4 in G, Op.58
-Piano Concerto No.5 in Eb, Op.73 ('Emperor')
-Piano Concerto in D (after Violin Concerto, Op.61), Op.61a
-Piano Concerto in Eb, WoO 4
-Rondo in Bb for Piano and Orchestra, WoO6

• Other Concertos

-Concerto in C for Violin, Cello, and Piano, Op.56 ('Triple Concerto')
-Romance for Violin and Orchestra No.1 in G, Op.40
-Romance for Violin and Orchestra No.2 in F, Op.50
-Violin Concerto in D, Op.61

• Other Orchestral Works

-Wellington's Victory ('Battle Symphony'), Op.91

• Chamber Works


• String Quartets, Quintets, Trios

-String Quartet No.1 in F, Op.18, No.1
-String Quartet No.2 in G, Op.18, No.2
-String Quartet No.3 in D, Op.18, No.3
-String Quartet No.4 in C-, Op.18, No.4
-String Quartet No.5 in A, Op.18, No.5
-String Quartet No.6 in Bb, Op.18, No.6
-String Quartet No.7 in F, Op.59, No.1 ('Rasumovsky' 1)
-String Quartet No.8 in E-, Op.59, No.2 ('Rasumovsky' 2)
-String Quartet No.9 in C, Op.59, No.3 ('Rasumovsky' 3)
-String Quartet No.10 in Eb, Op.74 ('Harp')
-String Quartet No.11 in F-, Op.95 ('Serioso')

• Piano Trios

-Piano Trio in Eb, Op.1, No.1
-Piano Trio in G, Op.1, No.2
-Piano Trio in C-, Op.1, No.3
-Piano Trio in D, Op.70, No.1 ('Ghost')
-Piano Trio in Bb, Op.97 ('Archduke')
-Variations in G on Müller’s Ich bin der Schneider Kakadu, for piano trio, Op.121a

• Chamber Sonatas

-Cello Sonata in A, Op.69
-Cello Sonata in D, Op.102, No.2
-Cello Sonata in F, Op.5, No.1
-Cello Sonata in G-, Op.5, No.2
-Mandolin Sonatina, WoO.44a
-Violin Sonata No.1 in D, Op.12, No.1
-Violin Sonata No.2 in A, Op.12, No.2
-Violin Sonata No.3 in Eb, Op.12, No.3
-Violin Sonata No.4 in A-, Op.23
-Violin Sonata No.5 in F, Op.24 ('Spring')
-Violin Sonata No.6 in A, Op.30, No.1Violin Sonata No.7 in C-, Op.30, No.2 ('Eroica')

River Flows in You - Yiruma



Beloved - Yiruma



Do You - Yiruma


Moonlight Sonata - Beethoven


Piano Sonata No. 8 in C Minor - Beethoven


Credits: Shermin Ang Jia Xi (24) 2E7 & Ya Wen (2) 2e7

Session 3:
2) Describe the materials you would use for different parts of the playground:
a) for the 3-D model
b) in real life
___________________________________________________________________

For the 3D model:
-Base/ground: corrugated board
-Slides: a few ice cream sticks glued together
-See-Saw: a hard cardboard base and a ice-cream stick on it.
-Stair case: 2 ice cream sticks glued together and a few hard cardboard glued on it, acting as the stairs. As for the handle, we would be using straws.
-Tree house: ripple paper and drawing board for the trunk and the shelter, ice cream sticks to hold them up.
-Bridge: ice-cream sticks glued together, and rope for the handle. Also, the rope would be used to stabalise the ice-cream stick at both ends.
-Monkey bar: Ice cream sticks to act as the railing and hard cardboard with holes in the centre to act as the handle. A paper flower would also be used as decoration
-Tic-Tac- Toe: Toothpick going through three sponge balls in a row. Hard cardboard base, with straw attached to it, acting as the supporting pillar
- Rock climbing wall: 3 to 5 ice cream sticks glued together and a few hard cardboard pieces, acting as the steps.
- Counselling room: wooden room made of ice cream sticks, phone receiver made of hard cardboard, wire made of strings.
- Chairs and tables: made of clay.
-Food stall: Wooden room made of ice cream sticks. Balloon and sign board made of drawing board.
-Playing field: Fence made of ice cream sticks. Ground made of cardboard.



For real life playground:
-base/ground: synthetic rubber
-Slides: Made of high quality plastics of different colours.
-See-saw: A base made of a triangular wood and a wooden plank is placed on top of it. (using nails)
-Staircase: Made of colourful plastic steps.
-Treehouse: For the tree leaves, plastics will be carved to make it look similar to the real trees. For the tree trunk: Big pieces of wood would be used. They will also be carved to look similar to the real life tree trunks.
-Bridge: High quality plastic, hard ropes
-Monkey bar: Hollow metals will be used to make the handle, while non-hollow metals will be used to make the pillars.
-Tic-tac-toe: high quality plastic will be used to make it.
-Rock climbing wall: high quallity plastic and sandstone will be used.
-Counselling room: Made of bricks.
-Chairs and tables: made of high quality colourful plastic.
-Food stall: Made of bricks. Colourful balloons will be attached to the rooftops.
-Playing field: Fence made of wood, and nails will be used to attach them together, surrounding grass.

Credits: Jun Yee(11) (3D model)
Si Yi(13) (real life)
Session 2:
3) Develop some rough sketches of your playground
____________________________________________________________________________________

Sketches of the playground. (Planning)

Credits:

Liu Siyi (13)

Ya Wen (2)

Session 2:
1) Summarise your research findings and state how they would affect your playground design
_____________________________________________________________________

• Floorings of the playground will be coloured red, orange, yellow, blue, brown floor tiles. They will be used to replace the rubber material that is commonly used by playgrounds. The arrangement will be mixed with white tiles as an alternative. Try to limit to using these colours.

-Red- Color of energy. Associated with movement and excitement.
-Orange- Fun times, happy and energetic days, remotely calm. New dawn in attitude.
-Yellow- Colour of the sun. Laughter, happiness, optimistic and good times. Golden shades of yellow associated with promise of better times.
-Blue- Calm and focused.
-Brown- Stability and friendship.

• Using classical music

-Rather soothing to the ear; help them cope better with their emotions.

-Examples: Canon in D, River flows in you, Symphony no.6 and more..

• Chocolates given away for free at the vending machine.

-Chocolate is a mood elevator; overcome their emotions and feel better

-Young children love to eat desserts; may help in cheering them up

-Overeating unhealthy food can lead to diet-related diseases; set a limit to the number of times a children can have his or her chocolates per day so as to maintain a healthy weight. Tap card system.

• Treehouse providing drawing papers and other materials.

-Enable them to express their thoughts through drawing

-Help them cope with their emotions

-Enhance their creativity; allow them to overcome their trauma gradually and eventually, build up their self-confidence.

• A bridge with a pond will be built.

-Build up a sense of responsibility in them

-Give them companionship and enjoyment

-Forget their troubles

-Have non-trivial health benefits, as research has shown

-Relieve stress.

• A swing next to the bridge

-Play with

-Relevant to novel

-Disapprove them to swing on a rope like how they do in the novel; dangerous

• Sports activities at the mini field.

-Beneficial to both their health and emotional problems.

-Forget their problems when they run

-Feel that they are free of stress and difficulties

-Sport events, such as soccer tournaments, could be organised for them at the mini field if they get bored of running or prefer other sports.

• 'Sound Transporting' System

-Children speak into the microphone-like thing; counsellor at the other end of the 'tube' to counsel them and give them necessary advice

-Useful for children who are too shy to approach a counsellor and ask for advice.

Credits: Shermin Ang Jia Xi (24) 2E7
Chin Yi Ling (3) 2E7

Session 1:
3) Research on your special- need group and post your findings. Remember to give credit to your sources.
________________________________________________________

Risk factors that increase your vulnerability to trauma
Not all potentially traumatic events lead to lasting emotional and psychological damage. Some people recovered quickly from even the most tragic and shocking experiences. Others are devastated by experiences that, on the surface, appear to be less upsetting.
A number of risk factors make people vulnerable to emotional and psychological trauma. People are more likely to be traumatized by a stressful experience if they’re already under a heavy stress load or have recently suffered a series of losses.
People are also more likely to be traumatized by a new situation if they’ve been traumatized before – especially if the earlier trauma occurred in childhood.
Childhood trauma increases the risk of future trauma
Traumatic experiences in childhood can have a brutal and long-lasting effect. Children who have been traumatized see the world as a frightening and dangerous place. When childhood trauma is not resolved, this fundamental sense of fear and helplessness carries over into adulthood, setting the stage for further trauma.

Symptoms of emotional trauma
The symptoms may last for days, weeks, or even months after the trauma ended.
Emotional symptoms of trauma:
-Shock, denial, or disbelief -Anger, irritability, mood swings
-Guilt, shame, self-blame
-Feeling sad or hopeless
-Confusion, difficulty concentrating
-Anxiety and fear
-Withdrawing from others
-Feeling disconnected or numb
Physical symptoms of trauma:
-Insomnia or nightmares
-Being startled easily
-Racing heartbeat
-Aches and pains
-Fatigue
-Difficulty concentrating
-Edginess and agitation
-Muscle tension
These symptoms and feelings typically last from a few days to a few months, gradually fading as you process the trauma. But even when you’re feeling better, you may be disturbed from time to time by painful memories or emotions—especially in response to triggers such as an anniversary of the event or an image, sound, or situation that reminds you of the traumatic incident.

When to seek professional help for trauma
It’s a good idea to seek professional help if you’re:
-Having trouble functioning at home or work
-Suffering from severe fear, anxiety, or depression
-Unable to form close, satisfying relationships
-Having terrifying memories, nightmares, or flashbacks
-Avoiding more and more things that remind you of the trauma
-Emotionally numb and disconnected from others
-Using alcohol or drugs to feel better

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
PTSD is the most serious form of emotional and psychological trauma. Its primary symptoms include intrusive memories or flashbacks, avoiding things that remind you of the traumatic event, and living in a constant state of “red alert”. If you have PTSD, it’s important to see a trauma specialist.

Finding a trauma specialist
Working through trauma can be scary, painful, and potentially retraumatizing. Because of the risk of retraumatization, this healing work is best done with the help of an experienced trauma specialist.
Finding the right therapist may take some time.
Choose a trauma specialist you feel comfortable with. Trust your instincts. If you don’t feel safe, respected, or understood – find another therapist. There should be a sense of trust and warmth between you and your therapist.

After meeting a potential trauma therapist, ask yourself these questions:
-Did you feel comfortable discussing your problems with the therapist?
-Did you feel like the therapist understood what you were talking about?
-Were your concerns taken seriously or were they minimized or dismissed?
-Were you treated with compassion and respect?
-Do you believe that you could grow to trust the therapist?

Treatments for emotional trauma
In order to heal from psychological and emotional trauma, you must face and resolve the unbearable feelings and memories you’ve long avoided. Otherwise they will return again and again, unbidden and uncontrollable.
Trauma treatment and healing involves:
-Processing trauma-related memories and feelings
-Discharging pent-up “fight-or-flight” energy
-Learning how to regulate strong emotions
-Building or rebuilding the ability to trust other people

Trauma therapy treatment approaches
The following therapies are commonly used in the treatment of emotional and psychological trauma:
-Somatic experiencing takes advantage of the body’s unique ability to heal itself. The focus of therapy is on bodily sensations, rather than thoughts and memories about the event. By concentrating on what’s happening in your body, you gradually get in touch with trauma-related energy and tension. From there, your natural survival instincts take over, safely releasing this pent-up energy through shaking, crying, and other forms of physical release.

-EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) incorporates elements of cognitive-behavioral therapy with eye movements or other forms of rhythmic, left-right stimulation. In a typical EMDR therapy session, you focus on traumatic memories and associated negative emotions and beliefs while tracking your therapist’s moving finger with your eyes. These back-and-forth eye movements are thought to work by “unfreezing” traumatic memories, allowing you to resolve them.

-Cognitive-behavioral therapy helps you process and evaluate your thoughts and feelings about a trauma. While cognitive-behavioral therapy doesn’t treat the physiological effects of trauma, it can be helpful when used in addition to a body-based therapy such as somatic experiencing or EMDR.

Credits: Yawen(2) ((:

Psychology of Color: Black
Black is the color of authority and power, stability and strength. It is also the color associated with intelligence (doctorate in black robe; black horn rimmed glasses, etc.) Black clothes make people appear thinner. It's a somber color sometimes associated with evil (the cowboy in the black hat was almost always the "bad guy"). In the western hemisphere black is associated with grieving. Black is a serious color that evokes strong emotions; it is easy to overwhelm people with too much black.

Psychology of Color: White
For most of the world this is the color associated with purity (wedding dresses); cleanliness (doctors in white coats) and the safety of bright light (things go bump in the night ... not the bright sunshine!). It is also used to project the absence of color, or neutrality. In some eastern parts of the world, white is associated with mourning. White associated with creativity (white boards, blank slates). It is a compression of all the colors in the color spectrum.

Psychology of Color: Gray
Gray is most associated with the practical, timeless, middle-of-the-road, solid things in life. Too much gray leads to feeling mostly nothing; but a bit of gray will add that rock solid feeling to your product. Some shades of gray are associated with old age, death, taxes, depression or a lost sense of direction. Silver is an off-shoot of gray and often associated with giving a helping hand, strong character (sterling in-fact!)

Psychology of Color: Red
If you want to draw attention, use red. It is often where the eye looks first. Red is the color of energy. It's associated with movement and excitement. People surrounded by red find their heart beating a little faster and often report feeling a bit out of breath. It's absolute the wrong color for a baby's room but perfect to get people excited. Wearing red clothes will make you appear a bit heavier and certainly more noticeable. (Some studies show red cars get more tickets but that maybe because the red car owners drive faster or the ticket giver notices the movement of the red car more prominently). Red is not a good color to over use but using a spot of red in just the right place is smart in some cases (one red accent in a otherwise neutral room draws the eye; a red tie with a navy blue suit and white shirts adds just the right amount of energy to draw the eye (no wonder it's the "uniform of the day" at the seats of government). Red is the symbol of life (red blooded life!) and, for this reason, it's the color worn by brides in China. Red is used at holidays that are about love and giving (red roses, Valentines hearts, Christmas, etc.) but the true color of love is pink. Pink is the most calming of all colors -- often our most dangerous criminals are housed in pink cells as studies show that color drains the energy and calms aggression. Think of pink as the color of romance, love, and gentle feelings, to be in the pink is to be soothed.

Psychology of Color: Blue
Ask people their favorite color and a clear majority will say blue. Much of the world is blue (skies, seas). Seeing the color blue actually causes the body to produce chemicals that are calming; but that isn't true of all shades of blue. Some shades (or too much blue) can send a cold and uncaring message. Many bedrooms are blue because it's calm, restful color. Over the ages blue has become associated with steadfastness, dependability, wisdom and loyalty (note how many uniforms are blue). People tend to be more productive in a blue room because they are calm and focused on the task at hand. Some studies are showing that weight lifters can lift more weight in a blue gym - in fact, nearly all sports are enhanced in blue surroundings.

Psychology of Color: Green
The color of growth, nature, and money. A calming color also that's very pleasing to the senses. Dark forest green is associated with terms like conservative, masculine and wealth. Hospitals use light green rooms because they too are found to be calming to patients. It is also the color associated with envy, good luck, generosity and fertility. It is the traditional color of peace, harmony, comfortable nurturing, support and well paced energy.

Psychology of Color: Yellow
Cheerful yellow the color of the sun, associated with laughter, happiness and good times. A person surrounded by yellow feels optimistic because the brain actually releases more seratonin (feel good chemical in the brain) when around this color. It is the color associated with optimism but be careful with yellow, when intense, it is the color of flames and studies show babies cry more in (bright) yellow rooms and tempers flare more around that color too. It has the power to speed up our metabolism and bring out some creative thoughts (legal tablets are yellow for good reason!). Yellow can be quickly overpowering if over-used, but used sparingly in the just the right place it can be an effective tool in marketing to greater sales. Some shades of yellow are associated with cowardice; but the more golden shades with the promise of better times.

Psychology of Color: Orange
The most flamboyant color on the planet! It's the color tied most this fun times, happy and energetic days, warmth and organic products. It is also associated with ambition. There is nothing even remotely calm associated with this color. Orange is associated with a new dawn in attitude.

Psychology of Color: Purple
What color were the robes of kings and queens? Yes, they were purple, our most royal color that is associated with wealth, prosperity, rich sophistication. This color stimulates the brain activity used in problem solving. However, when overused in a common setting it is associated with putting on airs and being artificial/ Use purple most carefully to lend an air of mystery, wisdom, and respect. Young adolescent girls are most likely to select nearly all shades of purple as their favorite color.

Psychology of Color: Brown
This color is most associated with reliability, stability, and friendship. More are more likely to select this as their favorite color. It's the color of the earth itself "terra firma" and what could represent stability better. It too is associated with things being natural or organic. Caution however, for in India it is the color of mourning.

Source: http://www.precisionintermedia.com/color.html

Credits: Yi Ling :D

Session 1:
3) Research on your special- need group and post your findings. Remember to give credit to your sources.
____________________________________________________
Facts on children who have gone through emotional trauma:

1) Struggle with upsetting emotions

2) Frightening memories

3) Sense of constant danger that can't be kicked

4) Feel numb, disconnected and unable to trust others

5) When bad things happen, they take a while to get over the pain and feel safe again.

6) Involves a threat to life or safety

7) Emotional trauma could be caused by:

-Single-blow and one-time events such as:

>A horrible accident

>A natural disaster

>Violent attack

-Ongoing, relentless stress, such as:

>Living in a crime-ridden neighborhood

>Struggling with cancer

-Unstable or unsafe environment

-Separation from parents

-Sexual, physical, or verbal abuse

-Domestic violence

-Serious illness

-Neglect

-Bullying

-Intrusive medical procedures

8) Emotional trauma is the result of extraordinarily stressful events that shatter their sense of security, that causes them to feel helpless and vulnerable in a dangerous world.

A stressful event is most likely to be traumatic if:

• It happened unexpectedly
• You were unprepared for it
• You were powerless to prevent it
• It happened repeatedly
• Someone was intentionally cruel
• It happened in childhood

How to help them:

1) Treatment from trauma specialists

2) Support from family and friends can speed recovery

3) Make them feel safe, respected and understood

4) Give them a sense of trust and warmth

5) Give them time to heal and mourn the losses

6) Take care of health

7) Establish daily routine

8) Don't isolate them

9) Through activities that make them breath deeply, perspire and laugh

Source: http://www.helpguide.org/mental/emotional_psychological_trauma.htm

Credits: Yi Ling and Ya Wen :D

From the novel, we can sense that Jess was actually very sad and depressed over Leslie's death, so from here, we got inspired to do something to help Jess overcome his problem. So basically, we will use the five senses to help Jess.

Firstly, we would be using the psychology of colours. Colours are a powerful psychological tool- it could send a positive or negative message immediately to your mind. We would be using colours like blue and orange: Blue- calms the mind down; Orange- often associated with a new dawn in attitude. The playground will not have colours like yellow and gray: Yellow-some shades of yellow associates with cowardice; Gray- some shades of gray associates with death, depression, or a lost sense of direction.

Secondly, a radio or an MP3 player will be put in the playground. Calming music, using the tactic of "White Noise Music" which includes peaceful sounds, will be played. Also, together with the sound of the nature, like the birds chirping, can help to rest their minds and a closer interaction with the nature. Last but not least, music therapy can also help the children to improve or maintain their health.
Music therapy is an interpersonal process in which the therapist uses music and all of its facets—physical, emotional, mental, social, aesthetic, and spiritual—to help clients. In some examples, the client's needs are addressed directly through music; in others they are addressed through the relationships that develop between the client and therapist. Music therapy is used with individuals of all ages and with a variety of conditions, including: psychiatric disorders, medical problems, physical handicaps, sensory impairments, developmental disabilities, substance abuse, communication disorders, interpersonal problems, and aging. It is also used to: improve learning, build self-esteem, reduce stress, support physical exercise, and facilitate a host of other health-related activities.
Music has long been used to help people deal with their emotions. Research have shown that music and dance are critical in treating mental illness, especially melancholia and music therapy helped schizophrenic patients.

Thirdly, we are going to set up a stall near the playground, selling desserts like chocolates and ice-cream. As a common perception to many, chocolate is a mood elevator. Therefore, selling chocolates could actually help them overcome their emotions and feel better. In addition, young children love to eat desserts, so we feel that by setting up a stall selling desserts may help in cheering them up, although it may not necessarily work out well. However, we are aware that overeating unhealthy food can lead to diet-related diseases, so we will set a limit to the number of times a children can have his or her desserts per week so as to maintain a healthy weight.

Other than using our five senses, we have also included some details from the novel such as the tree house which Jess and Leslie built in Terabithia, the bridge and also hobby of Jess's (running/jogging). For the roof top of the playground, we will have it designed similar to a tree house and inside it, we will place some drawing papers and drawing materials because we believe most children love drawing, and that it can help them cope with their emotions. This will enhance their creativity and allow them to overcome their trauma gradually and eventually, build up their self-confidence.

Next, a small bridge will be built at the entrance of the playground. There must be handles and railings on both sides of the bridge to ensure the safety of the children when they cross the bridge. If there are no railings or handles, children may fall off the bridge and hurt themselves badly. Furthermore, underneath the bridge, there will be a mini pond with the calm sound of running water and fishes that can be fed by children. There is now a medically-approved class of "therapy animals."Having fishes in the pond can benefit the children. It gives the children companionship and enjoyment, as well as, build up a sense of responsibility to take care of the fishes. Thus, they can forget their troubles, have non-trivial health benefits, as research has shown, and relieve stress.

In addition, we know that Jess's hobby is running, so we will have a mini field for him to run, as well as for him to carry out some other sports. Hence, we will be placing some soccer balls for him to play with, if he gets bored with running.

Last but not least, some playgrounds have the sound transporting system(tubing-like thing), so in our playground we will also include this, but it is connected to a counselling room. The counsellors will be talking to the children, giving them advice to make them feel that there will always be someone there for them whenever they are feeling down and to improve the situation they are in. In the novel, Jess needs someone to talk to and express his thoughts. This system would benefit him greatly.

In general, we will be using the five senses and some other details from the novel like the tree house. Our playground will also cater to the needs of these emotionally traumatised children and most importantly, make them feel happy and also to give them our care and concern and allow them to return to their normal happy self. how to face reality, and be a brave boy or girl whenever they encounter problems.

Source:

http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Effects-Of-Chocolate-On-The-Emotions&id=235610

http://www.precisionintermedia.com/color.html

http://www.wikipedia.org/

-Shermin Ang Jia Xi (24) 2E7

-Chin Yi Ling (3) 2e7 [:

-Cheng Ya Wen(2) 2E7((;